Archives April 2024

Diabetology

sugical options in diabetology

  • Bariatric Surgery: Surgical procedures designed to promote weight loss and improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgeries, such as gastric bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding, can lead to significant improvements in blood sugar control and may even result in diabetes remission in some cases.

  • Islet Cell Transplantation: Surgical procedure to transplant clusters of insulin-producing cells (islets of Langerhans) into the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Islet cell transplantation aims to restore insulin production and improve blood sugar control, potentially reducing the need for exogenous insulin therapy.

  • Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas, sometimes considered in individuals with severe forms of pancreatitis or certain pancreatic tumors. While not a common treatment for diabetes, pancreatectomy may lead to changes in insulin requirements post-operatively.

  • Renal Transplantation: Surgical procedure to replace a diseased or failed kidney with a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor in individuals with end-stage kidney disease, often secondary to diabetes-related kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy). Kidney transplantation can improve overall health and quality of life and may positively impact diabetes management.

Endocrinology

surgical methods in endocrinology

  • Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland, typically to treat thyroid cancer, large thyroid nodules, or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

  • Parathyroidectomy: Surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands, usually due to hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to elevated blood calcium levels.

  • Adrenalectomy: Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, performed to treat adrenal tumors (benign or malignant), adrenal hyperplasia, or conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome or pheochromocytoma.

  • Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas, often performed to treat pancreatic tumors (benign or malignant), chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

  • Pituitary Surgery: Transsphenoidal surgery to remove tumors or lesions affecting the pituitary gland, commonly performed to treat pituitary adenomas (benign tumors) causing hormonal imbalances or compressive symptoms.

  • Gonadectomy: Surgical removal of one or both gonads (testicles or ovaries), usually to treat hormone-sensitive conditions such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, or certain types of ovarian cancer.

  • Parathyroid Autotransplantation: Surgical procedure to remove and re-implant a portion of the parathyroid gland into another location, typically performed during parathyroidectomy to preserve parathyroid function and prevent hypoparathyroidism.

  • Islet Cell Transplantation: Surgical procedure to transplant clusters of insulin-producing cells (islets of Langerhans) into the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes to restore insulin production and improve blood sugar control.

  • Bariatric Surgery: Surgical procedures designed to promote weight loss and improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity and related metabolic conditions, including gastric bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding.

neurology

surgery options

  • Craniotomy: A surgical procedure to remove a portion of the skull (craniectomy) in order to access the brain for various treatments such as tumor removal, aneurysm clipping, or epilepsy surgery.

  • Brain Tumor Resection: Surgical removal of brain tumors to alleviate symptoms, reduce tumor size, and potentially cure the underlying condition.

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): Implantation of electrodes into specific areas of the brain to alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, or dystonia.

  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that delivers precisely targeted radiation beams to treat brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and other neurological conditions.

  • Shunt Placement: Insertion of a cerebral shunt to treat hydrocephalus by diverting excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body, such as the abdomen.

  • Decompressive Craniectomy: Surgical removal of a portion of the skull to relieve intracranial pressure caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other neurological emergencies.

  • Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): Implantation of a device that delivers electrical impulses to the vagus nerve to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders.

  • Cerebral Angioplasty and Stenting: Surgical procedures to widen narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the brain (cerebral arteries) to improve blood flow and prevent stroke.

  • Epilepsy Surgery: Various surgical procedures, including temporal lobectomy, corpus callosotomy, and hemispherectomy, performed to treat drug-resistant epilepsy by removing or disconnecting the epileptic focus in the brain.

  • Spinal Fusion Surgery: Surgical procedure to join two or more vertebrae in the spine to stabilize the spine, alleviate pain, and prevent further damage in conditions such as spinal fractures, scoliosis, or degenerative disc disease.